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FCC 123 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

TOPIC 6: web applications

firstly, there's difference between internet and web applications. internet is the biggest network in the world that connects people and organizations. moreover, it's consists of a lot of computers and when we're using internet we're may not be using world wide web. 

the web is the service of the internet and it consists of a lot of html pages on the internet. you cannot use web APPLICATIONS without internet. 

web applications

web applications are applications, services on internet, for instance, google documents, windows live hot mail, turbo tax and more. in addition, web browsers are software applications that let users to get data, and use the content located on web pages within a website. for example, mozilla firefox, google chrome, opera and more. 

web applications use the combination of:

• script
• client and server

web page consists of web document and html and there are two types of web page: static and dynamic.

•   STATIC WEB:

 - IS A READ ONLY WEB

 -JUST ALLOWS USERS TO READ THE CONTENT OF THE WEB

 -EXAMPLE WEB 1.0

•  DYNAMIC WEB

  - WEB INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PEOPLE, SOFTWARE

  - EXAMPLE: WEB 2.0 AND 3.0 

Web 1.0 design elements

Some design elements of a Web 1.0 site include:

• Static pages instead of dynamic user-generated content.
• The use of framesets
• The use of tables to position and align elements on a page. These were often used in combination with "spacer" GIFs (1x1 pixel transparent images in the GIF format.
• Proprietary HTML extensions 
• Online guestbooks
• GIF buttons,  web browsers and other products.
• HTML forms sent via email. A user would fill in a form, and upon clicking submit their email client would attempt to send an email containing the form's details.

Web 2.0 design elements

• Web 2.0 websites include the following features and techniques, referred to as the SLATES:

  Search

  Finding information through keyword search.

  Links

  Connects information together into a meaningful information ecosystem using the model of the Web, and provides low-barrier social tools.

  Authoring

  The ability to create and update content leads to the collaborative work of many rather than just a few web authors. In wikis, users may extend, undo and redo each other's work. In blogs, posts and the comments of individuals build up over time.

  Tags

  Categorization of content by users adding "tags"—short, usually one-word descriptions—to facilitate searching, without dependence on pre-made categories. Collections of tags created by many users within a single system may be referred to as "folksonomies" (i.e., folk taxonomies).

  Extensions

  Software that makes the Web an application platform as well as a document server. These include software like Adobe Reader, Adobe Flash player, Microsoft Silverlight, ActiveX, Oracle Java,QuickTime, Windows Media, etc.

  Signals

  The use of syndication technology such as RSS to notify users of content changes.

                                                Usage of Web 2.0 

   A third important part of Web 2.0 is the Social web, which changed the way people communicate. The social web consists of a number of online tools and platforms where people share their perspectives, opinions, thoughts and experiences. 

• Podcasting
• Blogging
• Tagging
• Curating with RSS
• Social bookmarking
• Social networking
• Web content voting

                             

There are two categories of web 2.0 sites: 

1.  Online Social networking-Facebook, Twitter and more 
2.  Mash-ups and aggregators- mixture of video, social networking, data   search and news aggregators.

 Programming languages used in web 2.0 are AJAX and XML and a   programming language is a set of words, abbreviations, and symbols that  enables a      programmer to communicate the instructions to a computer and is a  language for a programmer used  to communicate with a   computer.

In this week we also had an activity of presenting our website. So every group had to present their own website and that was very interesting,moreover, I learnt how to create my own website using google site. And the teacher asked questions about the IS of the organization we have created. This helped us to know more about the IS and the importance of IS.

There are two types of programming language:
1. low level language uses machine language and assembly language.
2. high level language uses is easier to use and there are three generations of HLL: 3rd,4th,5th generations.

to conclude, during this course i have learnt many useful things about it and ict and i would like to thank our respected teacher for her support and teaching. moreover, i believe that the knowledge she gave  will greatly assist me in the future when i continue studying on my Ugp. 

So goodbye for now and take care everybody!!!!

FCC 123 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGy

TOPIC 5: Internet 

the internet is the biggest network in the globe that connects people and organizations all over the world and it is a global interconnected network that uses internet protocol to serve billions of different users. 

The users use internet to find information, to upload and download files, to buy things online, meet people, share resources between computers. 

The arpanet was the first name given to internet in the 1960's and it used internet protocols for internetworking, where many networks could be joined together into a network of networks. in 1982 the internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) was invented and interconnected networks called internet was introduced. 

there are 6 main services of internet:

1.communication(electronic mail)

2.world wide web

3.protocol 

4.chat room

5.instant messaging

6.ir(information RETRIEVAL)

1. email is an electronic mail it allows users to exchange messages from one computer to another. email program is used to create, send, receive, forward, store, print, and delete, email.

2. world wide web was created by tim berners lee and it contains hyperlinks, images, keywords related to information. it is a collection of web pages and it has the same theme called web site. web site consists of documents which are called web pages.

3. transfer protocol is the collection of rules software in computers regulating the movement of information and files from one computer to another.  examples for protocol are HTtp(hypertext transfer protocol) and ftp(files transfer protocol). 

4. chat room is the typed conversation between people and it is a channel location on the internet that allows people to communicate easily.

examples: yahoo chat room, aol chat room and so on.

5. Voip ( voice over internet protocol) or instant messaging that allows people to speak to each other over internet. for instance, skype, yahoo voice, windows live call.

6. ir or news group is an electronic bulletin board to make discussions about any topic. and it includes newsreader that is used to access newsgroups like bbc world news, the economist, google talk and more.

uniform resource locator(url) is used by browsers to locate the address of web pages and their exact location. and it tells the transfer protocol, the domain name the pathname, of the folder and the name of the file.

      FCC 123 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 

    TOPIC 4: DATABASE MANAGEMENT

What is a database? 

A database is an organised pool of logically-related data. Data is stored within the data structures of the database. A DBMS is a suite of computer software providing the interface between users and a database or databases. A DBMS is a shell which surrounds a database or series of databases and through which all interactions take place with the database. The interactions catered for by most existing DBMS fall into four main groups:

• Data definition. Defining new data structures for a database, removing data structures from the database, modifying the structure of existing data.
• Data maintenance. Inserting new data into existing data structures, updating data in existing data structures, deleting data from existing data structures.
• Data retrieval. Querying existing data by end-users and extracting data for use by application programs.
• Data control. Creating and monitoring users of the database, restricting access to data in the database and monitoring the performance of databases.

A database management system (DBMS) is a set of programs that enables storing, modifying, and extracting information from a database. It also provides users with tools to add, delete, access, modify, and analyze data stored in one location. A group can access the data by using query and reporting tools that are part of the DBMS or by using application programs specifically written to access the data. DBMS’s also provide the method for maintaining the integrity of stored data, running security and users access, and recovering information if the system fails. The information from a database can be presented in a variety of formats. Most DBMSs include a report writer program that enables you to output data in the form of a report. Many DBMSs also include a graphics component that enables you to output information in the form of graphs and charts. Database and database management system are essential to all areas of business, they must be carefully managed. There are many different types of DBMSs, ranging from small systems that run on personal computers to huge systems that run on mainframes. The following are examples of database applications: computerized library systems, flight reservation systems, and computerized parts inventory systems.

A DBMS typically supports query languages, which are in effect high-level programming languages, dedicated database languages that considerably simplify writing database application programs. Database languages also simplify the database organization as well as retrieving and presenting information from it. A DBMS provides facilities for controlling data access, enforcing data integrity, managing concurrency control, and recovering the database after failures and restoring it from backup files, as well as maintaining database security.

In this week, the lecturer gave a lecture about the DBMS and relevant examples from different organizations and fields. In addition, I asked questions about DBMS so that I could understand the topic better. In addition, the lecturer gave us task about defining the DBMS  systems used in different organizations.

IT TOPIC 3: INFORMATION SYSTEM

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 

FCC 123

    Topic 3: Information System

FIRSTLY, BEFORE LEARNING ABOUT THE INFORMATION SYSTEM WE SHOULD KNOW WHAT THE SYSTEM IS. A SYSTEM IS A COLLECTION OF ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS AND IT HAS INPUTS, PROCESSING MECHANISM, OUTPUTS AND FEEDBACK. SO  INFORMATION SYSTEMS CONSISTS OF INPUT, PROCESS, AND OUTPUT.

THE  INFORMATION SYSTEM IS AN APPLICATION OF COMBINATION OF HARDWARE, SOFTWARE, INFRASTRUCTURE, AND PERSONNEL THAT SUPPORTS 

PLANNING, CONTROL, COORDINATION, AND DECISION MAKING IN AN ORGANIZATION. THEREFORE, INFORMATION SYSTEM IN ORGANISATION INCLUDES BUSINESS, PEOPLE AND INFORMATION. 

 THERE ARE MANY TYPES OF I.S.:

              
               1.TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEM(TPS)

               2.DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM(DSS)

               3.EXPERT SUPPORT SYSTEM (ESS)    

               4.MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM(MIS)

               5.OFFICE AUTOMATION SYSTEM(OAS)

            

I.S.  CAN BE USED TO SUPPORT BUSINESS OPERATIONS AND SUPPORT DECISION MAKING MANAGEMENT.  IT WILL OPERATE TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEMS, OFFICE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND ENTERPRISE COLLABORATION SYSTEMS. IN ADDITION, I.S.  SUPPORTS MANAGEMENT SUPPORT SYSTEMS, INFORMATION SYSTEMS DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS AND EXECUTIVE INFORMATION SYSTEMS.

In this week, the lecturer gave us three cases relating Information Systems like TPS, MIS, ESS and so we had to explain the systems used in different organizations. This helped me to understand the role and importance of IS in any organization. And I  together with my group had to present my map of IS systems in different fields in my country-Uzbekistan. Others also presented and have learnt about the usage of IS like TPS, MIS, ESS in different fields in different countries. 
To continue during the lecture the teacher gave some case study tasks in which we had to define and explain about the IS system used in 3 organizations, and so we answered the questions by giving explanation about IS systems like TPS, IMS, ESS in a restaurant, company and more. 

THERE ARE MANY COMPONENTS USED TO CONSTRUCT AN I.S.: HARDWARE, SOFTWARE, DATABASES, PEOPLE, AND PROCEDURES. 

        

            

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FCC 123 TOPIC 2

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FCC 123 

                                     TOPIC 2: IT AND ICT 

WHAT IS ICT? 

ICT( INFORMATION COMMUNICATION AND TECHNOLOGY) IS THE COLLECTION OF COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES LIKE: THE INTERNET, NETWORKS, MOBILE PHONES AND OTHERS.   THEREFORE, ICT CONSISTS OF IT AND MEDIA BROADCASTING AND IS USED IN MANY PROFESSIONAL FIELDS SUCH SCIENCE, MEDICINE,EDUCATION, BANKING, BUSINESS AND GOVERNMENT.  

FOR INSTANCE, IN EDUCATION ICT IS USED IN E-LEARNING,  IN COMPUTER LABS AND OTHER TOOLS. ICT IS ALSO ESSENTIAL IN BANKING FOR EXAMPLE, E-BANKING, ATM, SMART CARDS, E-FUNDS TRANSFER, AND E-DATA INTERCHANGE. MOREOVER, BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS ARE HIGHLY DEPENDENT ON ICT BECAUSE THEY USE MOBILE PHONES, LAPTOPS AND PC, EMAIL, E-BUSINESS TO COMMUNICATE WITH COLLEAGUES AND RUN THE BUSINESS.  

WHAT IS IT? 

IT(INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY) IS THE NAME OF TECHNOLOGY THAT IS USED FOR CREATING, STORING, EXCHANGING, AND CONSUMPTION OF INFORMATION. OR SIMPLY PEOPLE USE IT TO HELP THE INFORMATION AND THE PROCESS OF COLLECTING INFORMATION IN ANY ORGANIZATION. FOR INSTANCE, INTERNET SITES, CELLULAR PHONES, FAX MACHINES, AND MORE. 

IT HAS ITS TECHNOLOGY ARCHITECTURE WHICH IS:

A MAP OR PLAN OF THE INFORMATION TOOLS IN ANY ORGANISATION.

AND THIS ARCHITECTURE HAS THE ENTIRE ORGANIZATION'S BUSINESS NEEDS FOR INFO, AND INFRASTRUCTURE AND OTHER TOOLS.

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE CONSISTS OF ALL PHYSICAL AMENITIES: IT COMPONENTS, IT SERVICES, AND IT PERSONNEL THAT CONTROL THE ENTIRE ORGANIZATION. 

-IT COMPONENTS ARE: COMPUTER HARDWARE, SOFTWARE, AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES.

-IT PERSONNEL IS PEOPLE WHO WORK WITH IT AND IS

-IT SERVICES ARE DATA MANAGEMENT, SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT AND SECURITY MANAGEMENT. 

During this week we had an activity about how the ICT and IT are applied in healthcare, educational system and business. In addition, we had a group discussion about the difference between IT and ICT. By discussing and activity the lesson became more interesting and productive.

TO CONCLUDE, NOW I KNOW THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ICT AND IT, AND I'M EAGER TO LEARN MORE ABOUT IT.

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FCC 123 TOPIC 1

INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION AND TECHNOLOGY FCC 123 

TOPIC 1 : Data, Information and Information Management 

FIRST OF ALL, WE SHOULD KNOW SOME BASIC INFORMATION ABOUT COMPUTER AND COMPUTER GENERATIONS IN ORDER TO UNDERSTAND THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DATA AND INFORMATION, THE PROBLEMS OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENT.

 A COMPUTER IS A PROGRAMMABLE MACHINE THAT DOES WHAT WE INSTRUCTED IT TO DO. IN ADDITION, THERE ARE 4 BASIC OPERATIONS THAT A COMPUTER DOES: INPUT, PROCESSING, OUTPUT AND STORAGE AND MAYBE, COMMUNICATION.  

 MOREOVER, THERE ARE 5 GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS: 1ST GENERATION-ENIAC (ELECTRONIC NUMERICAL INTEGRATOR AND COMPUTERS) USED VACUUM TUBE. 2ND GENERATION OF COMPUTERS USED TRANSISTORS AND USED HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGES(COBOL), 3RD GENERATION USED MICROCHIPS AND OS AND MONITOR. 4TH GENERATION  USES MICROCHIPS AND MORE HUMAN FRIENDLY. 5TH GENERATION COMPUTER IS THE COMPUTER WE ARE USING NOW AND IT IS BASED ON AI(ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE) AND CAN BE USED BY VOICE AND TOUCH.

          THERE ARE 6 CATEGORIES OF COMPUTERS:

          1. EMBEDDED

          2. MOBILE COMPUTERS

          3. PERSONAL COMPUTERS

          4. MID-RANGE COMPUTERS

          5. MAINFRAME 

          6. SUPERCOMPUTERS 

          AND NOW IT'S TIME TO EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DATA AND INFORMATION. 

DATA IS A RAW MATERIAL LIKE NUMBERS, SYMBOLS AND PICTURES ETC. DATA CANNOT BE USED FOR ANYTHING WHEN IT IS IN THAT FORM. 

 INFORMATION IS THE PROCESSED DATA THAT CAN BE VERY USEFUL AND IMPORTANT WHEN MAKING RIGHT DECISIONS IN BUSINESS IT MANAGEMENT AND SO ON. IN ADDITION, AFTER PROCESSING INFORMATION BECOMES KNOWLEDGE. KNOWLEDGE IS MORE IMPORTANT THAN INFORMATION AND IT HAS STRUCTURE, GROWTH AND SYSTEM. FURTHERMORE, INFORMATION CAN BE A CAPITAL RESOURCE BECAUSE COMPANIES LIKE MICROSOFT AND APPLE SPEND MILLIONS TO GET THE RIGHT INFORMATION.

DATA INTEGRITY INCLUDES ''GIGO'' (GARBAGE IN GARBAGE OUT) WHICH MEANS, INPUT AND OUTPUT OF DATA TO THE COMPUTER.

           THE ECONOMICS OF INFORMATION AND TECHNOLOGY HAS TWO BASIC ELEMENTS:

           
1. REACH: IS THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE USING THE SOURCE, SHARING INFO AND SO ON. 

           
2. RICHNESS: IS THE QUALITY AND QUANTITY OF TE INFORMATION THAT IS SHARED. 

           
AND IT HAS 3 SUB ELEMENTS:

          
1. BANDWITH

          
2. CUSTOMIZATION

         
 3. INTERACTIVITY

INFORMATION MANAGEMENT IS THE COLLECTION OF TERMS THAT ARE USED FOR MANAGING ANY KIND OF INFORMATION. IM INCLUDES THESE STEPS: CAPTURE, STORE, MANAGE, PRESERVE, DELIVER. AND IM INVOLVES PEOPLE, CONTENT, TECHNOLOGY AND INTERACTION. 

THERE ARE MANY PROBLEMS INVOLVED WITH IM FOR EXAMPLE, PROBLEMS OF SECURITY, TECHNOLOGY AND SOFTWARE, ETC. 

         

  THE FIRST WEEK WAS VERY GOOD BECAUSE I COULD REVISE MY KNOWLEDGE ABOUT COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION AND DATA. BEFORE, I TOOK COMPUTER AND INTERNET COURSE SO THE FIRST LECTURE HELPED ME TO LEARN MORE ABOUT IT.

         
IN CONCLUSION,  THIS WAS THE FIRST IT LECTURE I TOOK IN THIS SEMESTER AND I'VE LEARNT MORE THAN THAT AND I'M VERY INTERESTED IN THAT COURSE. SO GOODBYE FOR NOW AND I'LL POST AGAIN AFTER A WEEK. TAKE CARE AND SO GOODBYE!!!